Surface state | Charge | Atmosphere | Typical applications |
Hydrophilic | Negative | Air | Carbon coated TEM grids |
Hydrophilic | Positive | Air with magnesium acetate post-treatment | Nucleic acid adhesion to carbon films |
Hydrophobic | Positive | Alkylamine | Proteins, antibodies and nucleic acids |
Hydrophobic | Negative | Air |
Positively charged protein
molecules, (e.g. ferritin, cytochrome c) |
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